WAWA/WeAreWideAwake is my Public Service to America as a muckracker who has journeyed seven times to Israel Palestine since June 2005.
WAWA is dedicated to confronting media and governments that shield the whole
truth.
We who Are Wide
Awake are compelled by the "fierce urgency of Now" [Rev MLK, Jr.] to raise
awareness and promote the human dialogue about many of the crucial issues of our
day: the state of our Union and in protection of democracy, what life is like
under military occupation in Palestine, the Christian EXODUS from the Holy Land,
and spirituality-from a Theologically Liberated Christian Anarchist
POV.
"Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all...and passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated. The nation which indulges towards another a habitual hatred or a habitual fondness is in some degree a slave...a passionate attachment of one nation for another produces a variety of evils." George Washington's Farewell Address - 1796
"My aim is to agitate & disturb people. I'm not selling bread, I'm selling yeast." Unamuno
"Imagine All the People Sharing All the World." John Lennon
"If enough Christians followed the gospel, they could bring any state to its knees." Father Philip Francis Berrigan
"You can stand me up at the gates of hell, but I won't back down." Tom Petty
"If I can't dance, it's not my revolution." Emma Goldman
"We have yet to begin to IMAGINE the power and potential of the Internet." Charlie Rose, 2005
Only in Solidarity do "We have it in our power to begin the world again" Tom Paine
"Never doubt that a few, thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world: Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has." Margaret Mead
"You shall know the truth and the truth will set you free." John 8:32
DO SOMETHING!
Photo of George shown here and in web site banner courtesy of Debbie Hill, 2000.
We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that, among these, are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; and, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it. -July 4, 1776. The Declaration of Independence
December 21, 2009: Updates on Israeli organ harvesting, The Wall, Gaza and Jerusalem Alison Weir, journalist and Executive Director of http://www.ifamericansknew.org/ wrote about Israeli Organ Harvesting, The New "Blood Libel"? Israeli Organ Harvesting, which I published on August 30, 2009
Today, I learned:
Doctor Admits Israeli Pathologist Harvested Organs Without Consent
Israel has admitted pathologists harvested organs from dead Palestinians, and
others, without the consent of their families – a practice it said
ended in the 1990s – it emerged at the weekend.
The admission, by the former head of the country's forensic
institute, followed a furious row prompted by a Swedish newspaper
reporting that Israel was killing Palestinians in order to use their
organs – a charge that Israel denied and called "antisemitic".
The revelation, in a television documentary,
is likely to generate anger in the Arab and Muslim world and reinforce
sinister stereotypes of Israel and its attitude to Palestinians. Iran's
state-run Press TV tonight reported the story, illustrated with
photographs of dead or badly injured Palestinians.
Ahmed Tibi, an Israeli Arab MP, said the report incriminated the Israeli army.
The story emerged in an interview with Dr Yehuda Hiss, former head
of the Abu Kabir forensic institute near Tel Aviv. The interview was
conducted in 2000 by an American academic who released it because of
the row between Israel and Sweden over a report in the Stockholm
newspaper Aftonbladet.
Channel 2 TV reported that in the 1990s, specialists at Abu Kabir
harvested skin, corneas, heart valves and bones from the bodies of
Israeli soldiers, Israeli citizens, Palestinians and foreign workers,
often without permission from relatives.
The Israeli military confirmed to the programme that the practice
took place, but added: "This activity ended a decade ago and does not
happen any longer."
Hiss said: "We started to harvest corneas ... Whatever was done was highly informal. No permission was asked from the family."
However, there was no evidence that Israel had killed Palestinians
to take their organs, as the Swedish paper reported. Aftonbladet quoted
Palestinians as saying young men from the West Bank and Gaza Strip had
been seized by the Israeli forces and their bodies returned to their
families with missing organs. The interview with Hiss was released by
Nancy Scheper-Hughes, professor of anthropology at the University of
California-Berkeley who had conducted a study of Abu Kabir.
She was quoted by the Associated Press as saying that while
Palestinians were "by a long shot" not the only ones affected, she felt
the interview must be made public, because "the symbolism, you know, of
taking skin of the population considered to be the enemy, [is]
something, just in terms of its symbolic weight, that has to be
reconsidered."
Israel demanded that Sweden condemn the Aftonbladet article, calling
it an antisemitic "blood libel". Stockholm refused, saying that to so
would violate freedom of speech in the country. The foreign minister
then cancelled a visit to Israel, just as Sweden was taking over the
EU's rotating presidency.
Hiss was removed from his post in 2004, when some details about
organ harvesting were first reported, but he still works at the
forensic institute.
Israel's health ministry said all harvesting was now done with
permission. "The guidelines at that time were not clear," it said in a
statement to Channel 2. "For the last 10 years, Abu Kabir has been
working according to ethics and Jewish law."
This article was amended on 21 December 2009. The headline was
changed as it did not reflect accurately the contents of the story.
Nancy Scheper-Hughes's name was misspelled as Nancy Sheppard-Hughes in
the original text.
Egypt's decision to build an underground metal wall along its
border with the Gaza Strip has triggered a crisis between Cairo and
Hamas.
Hamas leaders believe that the wall is being constructed as part
of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's desire to punish the Islamist
movement for its refusal to sign an Egyptian-engineered "reconciliation
accord" with Fatah several weeks ago.
Moreover, Hamas believes that Mubarak is also seeking "revenge"
because the movement has preferred German mediation to Egyptian
involvement in the negotiations with Israel over the release of IDF
soldier Gilad Schalit.
In both cases, Mubarak felt humiliated by Hamas's actions.
In assuming the role of mediator between Hamas and Fatah, Mubarak
was hoping to succeed where other Arabs, specifically the Saudis,
Yeminis and Qataris, had failed.
Just when the two sides appeared to be on the verge of signing a
"reconciliation agreement" under the auspices of the Egyptians last
October, Hamas bolted. Hamas justified its decision to stay away from
the signing ceremony by citing Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud
Abbas's failure to support a resolution at the United Nations in favor
of the Goldstone Report into Operation Cast Lead.
Hamas's decision not to sign the accord with Fatah was seen by
Palestinians and Egyptians as a severe blow to Mubarak's personal
prestige and Egypt's standing in the Arab world. Mubarak was hoping
that the agreement would help Egypt restore its long-lost status as one
of the most influential Arab countries.
On the personal level, he was hoping that success in resolving the
Hamas-Fatah crisis would reaffirm his standing as a powerful and
historic leader, thus improving the prospects of his son, Jamal, to
succeed him.
Similarly, Mubarak was hoping that a prisoner-exchange agreement
between Hamas and Israel would be achieved through Egyptian mediation.
But in recent weeks he has been forced to see Hamas dump Egyptian
negotiators in favor of German security officials.
Some Hamas representatives have openly chastised Mubarak's
negotiators for being "biased" in favor of Israel. In other words,
Hamas is telling the world that it trusts the Germans more than it
trusts its Muslim brothers in Egypt.
Relations between Hamas and Cairo have been tense ever since the
movement took full control of the Gaza Strip in June 2007. Since then,
the Egyptians have done almost everything to isolate and weaken the
Hamas government in the Gaza Strip.
This includes the continued closure
of the Rafah border crossing and other restrictions imposed by Egyptian
authorities.
The Egyptians' main concern is that Hamas would "export" its
radical ideology to Egypt. Reports about increased cooperation between
Hamas militiamen and Egyptian smugglers and members of other Islamic
fundamentalist groups in Sinai have prompted the Egyptian security
forces to beef up their presence in the area.
Tensions between Hamas and Cairo reached their peak last month
with the death of a Hamas operative in an Egyptian prison. The victim
was the brother of Hamas spokesman Sami Abu Zuhri.
Hamas rushed to accuse the Egyptian General Intelligence Service
of torturing the man to death. The allegation was broadcast on many
Arab satellite TV stations, seriously embarrassing Mubarak, whose
spokesmen have since been struggling to convince Arab and Muslim
viewers that the Hamas man died of natural causes.
Over the past few days, Hamas militiamen have opened fire several
times on Egyptian border policemen and laborers who are involved in the
construction of the metal wall. The shooting incidents have also
escalated tensions between the Hamas leadership and Cairo.
An all-out confrontation between Hamas and Egypt will undoubtedly
undermine Mubarak, because it will make him appear as if he's helping
Israel and the US in their war against the movement. A confrontation
will also send the message that Mubarak is also involved in the "siege"
on the Gaza Strip.
Hamas, on the other hand, stands to win from a standoff with a
regime that is regarded by many Arabs and Muslims as a puppet in the
hands of the Israelis and Americans.
And any victory for Hamas is also a victory for Damascus and Teheran.•
__._,_.___
First Published 2009-12-21
Goldstone Report is an accurate reflection of what happened in Gaza
Finkelstein: Livni 'proud' of Gaza 'war crimes'
Prominent Jewish-American professor says Gaza rockets were 'symbolic resistance' to Israeli siege.
LONDON
- Prominent Jewish-American Professor Norman Finkelstein accused Israel
of perpetrating "war crimes" in Gaza through its ongoing siege of the
Strip and its war at the turn of the year.
His accusation came within
an international conference titled, "UNRWA and Future of Palestinian
Refugees", organized in London Wednesday.
Finkelstein said the causes
and effects of the war on Gaza are now coming to light, both in the
Goldstone Report and in the recent arrest warrant issued by the UK for
Tzipi Livni, who stated that she was "proud of everything she had done
in Gaza".
Briefly assessing the
history to the siege, Finkelstein noted that the ceasefire that was
agreed between Israel and Hamas June 2008 was broken by Israel, not
Hamas: whilst Hamas stopped its rocket attacks, Israel did not lift its
illegal blockade on Gaza and launched a night raid on Gaza, whilst the
eyes of the worlds were watching 4th November 2008 US elections.
Six Hamas resistance
fighters were killed, provoking Hamas to respond, which it did by
resuming rocket attacks. Finkelstein emphasised that this is not
violence so much as "symbolic resistance".
He quoted one Palestinian who referred to the rocket attacks as "modest home made rockets are a cry of protest to the world".
Finkelstein commented that
if we are going to condemn Hamas for these rocket attacks, we must
suggest how else they should resist the pressure placed on them by
persistent Israeli attacks, subjugation and persistent blockades that
drain the small area of land.
If we cannot provide an alternative, we cannot criticise, he argued.
Finkelstein emphasised the disproportionate nature of the Israeli attacks.
The ratios of death and
destruction are striking: 100 Palestinians were killed to 1 Israeli;
600 Palestinian civilians were killed to 1 Israeli; and 6000
Palestinian homes were destroyed to 1 Israeli home, he explained.
On this basis, Finkelstein
said, it cannot be called a war as a minimum condition of war is that
there are at least two sides firing at each other. Israeli soldiers
themselves have stated that Israel used "insane amounts of firepower."
Israel's claims that the
extent of devastation and death was due to Hamas using human shields
and purposely positioning themselves in dense civilian areas has been
undermined by reports by Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the
Dugard Committee and the Goldstone Report which have found no evidence
to support this claim.
The Goldstone Report stated
that the siege was a "deliberately disproportionate attack designed to
punish, humiliate and terrorise a civilian population".
Finkelstein notes that we
can only assume that Goldstone, a self-confessed Zionist and a
supporter of Israel, would have no interest in unfairly criticising
Israel.
The world must assume
therefore that what Goldstone has reported is an accurate reflection of
abuse and apportionment of responsibility for what happened in Gaza, he
added.
Finkelstein noted that
Goldstone Report has, for the first time, put the assessment of human
rights abuses first in this conflict, rather than the attention being
persistently focussed on the "peace process".
CAIRO - Cairo on Monday rejected a request by international
activists to organise a march to the Gaza Strip via Egypt to mark one year since
an Israeli attack on the enclave.
"Some international
organisations have requested permission for a solidarity march -- the Gaza
Freedom March -- into the Gaza Strip," the Egyptian foreign ministry said in a
statement.
"Egypt finds it difficult to cooperate with this march
considering the sensitive situation in the Gaza Strip," which faces a stringent
Israeli blockade, the statement said.
It warned that "any attempts to
violate the law or public order by any group whether local or foreign on
Egyptian soil will be dealt with in conformity with the law."
Over 1,000
international delegates from 42 countries have signed up to join the Gaza
Freedom March which was due to enter Gaza via Egypt during the last week of
December.
In the morning of December 31, participants were due to join
Palestinians "in a non-violent march from Northern Gaza to the Erez/Israeli
border," organisers said on their website.
We are
determined to break the siege We all will
continue to do whatever we can to make it
happen
Using the pretext of
escalating tensions on the Gaza-Egypt border, the Egyptian Foreign Ministry
informed us yesterday that the Rafah border will be closed over the coming
weeks, into January. We responded that there is always tension at the border
because of the siege, that we do not feel threatened, and that if there are any
risks, they are risks we are willing to take. We also said that it was too late
for over 1,300 delegates coming from over 42 countries to change their
plans now. We both agreed to continue our
exchanges.
Although we consider
this as a setback, it is something we've encountered-and overcome--before.
No delegation, large or small, that entered Gaza over the past 12 months
has ever received a final OK before arriving at the Rafah border. Most
delegations were discouraged from even heading out of Cairo to Rafah. Some
had their buses stopped on the way. Some have been told outright that they could
not go into Gaza. But after public and political pressure, the Egyptian
government changed its position and let them
pass.
Our efforts and plans
will not be altered at this point. We have set out to break the siege of Gaza
and march on December 31 against the Israeli blockade. We are
continuing in the same
direction.
Egyptian embassies and missions all over the world
must hear from us and our supporters (by phone, fax and email)** over the coming
crucial days, with a clear message: Let the international delegation enter Gaza
and let the Gaza Freedom March proceed.
Contact the Palestine Division
in Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cairo
Ahmed Azzam, tel +202-25749682
Email:
In the U.S., contact the Egyptian
Embassy, 202-895-5400 and ask for Omar Youssef or email
The
GFM Steering
Committee
Sample
text:
I am writing/calling to
express my full support for the December 31, 2009 Gaza Freedom March. I
urge the Egyptian government to allow the 1,300 international delegates to enter
the Gaza Strip through
Egypt.
The aim of the march is
to call on Israel to lift the siege. The delegates will also take in badly
needed medical aid, as well as school supplies and winter jackets for the
children of
Gaza.
On November 23, 2008, I wrote about Sheikh Jarrah:
Two-time a Refugee and a Tent in Occupied East Jerusalem
[Occupied
East Jerusalem] Less than a five minute walk from my room at the
Ambassador Hotel, Fawziya Khurd and international supporters began
living in a tent, because the Israeli police enforced a court order to
throw her and her spouse, Mohammed out of their home, which they had
been living in since 1956. The day before my last visit, Mrs. Khurd/Um
Kammal [mother of Kammal] became a widow when Mohammad expired
secondary to the stress of home eviction by Israel.
At 3:30 AM
on November 9, 2008, Reverend Richard Toll was awakened in his hotel
room in the neighborhood when the Israeli Occupying Forces/IOF broke
down the door of the home of the Al Khurd family. Rev. Toll told me
[during the final day of Sabeel’s 7th Annual Conference: The Nakba:
Memory, Reality and Beyond] that he was jarred awake by a woman’s pain
filled scream that was indescribable.
The Al Khurd family
have lived in their home in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood since the
days when east Jerusalem was under Jordanian control. The United
Nations upon contract with Jordan, allotted them the land after they
became refugees when they were expelled from their home in west
Jerusalem by Zionists during the 1948 war.
Hasib Nashashibi, of
the Ensan Center for Democracy and Human Rights-an NGO coalition of
Palestinian Muslim and Christians- explained to me, “When Jordan
controlled this land and the UN granted privileges to the Palestinian
refugees including those from west Jerusalem, such as education, health
care, and relief and development; they also allowed the refugees to
give up not all privileges and receive a home and land deed instead.
Jordan never fulfilled their obligation to send the written
documentation that these west Jerusalem refugees are land owners and
not tenants. Now the Israeli’s are trying to make them refugees for the
second time!”
In 2001 a group of settlers broke into the west
wing of the Khurd family home while the couple were at the hospital due
to Mr. Khurd's ill health. Mr. Khurd went back to the hospital
suffering from the emotional stress and physical problems and died the
day after his wife welcomed me with a smile and invited me in to share
a meal with the neighbors and many international supporters.
Family
and neighbors offer Mrs. Khurd sanctuary but the internationals sleep
in the tent every night to maintain a presence on the rented land and
to support the other twenty-seven Palestinian families in the
neighborhood who have received orders from Israel to evacuate their
dwellings-in one home alone 52 people are currently residing.
A
few days ago, three internationals were arrested, interrogated and then
released. They returned to the neighborhood, but were not on site
during my visits.
Background:
Since
East Jerusalem’s occupation by Israel in 1967, the Oriental Jews
Associations and the Knesseth Yisrael Association have been waging a
brutal take over of the Khurds’ home, claiming that the land originally
belonged to Jews.
In 1972, they succeeded to register the land in their name with the Israeli Land registrar.
In 1999, settlers burst into the home and set up an occupation in a wing of the house that belonged to the couple’s son, Raed.
The Khurd family hired lawyers and have spent a fortune in court battles.
In 2006, the Israeli court finally revoked the claim of ownership by the settlers.
On February 25, 2007 the Israeli Supreme Court issued an order to evict the settlers; but it was never enforced!
The
settlers-most of them are from America- have been stealing homes from
Palestinians in the neighborhoods around the Old City of Jerusalem
which if not challenged and prevented, will pre-empt any future peace
deal with the Palestinians.
The settlers current desire is to
cleanse more than 500 Palestinians from the neighborhood and build 200
apartheid apartments for Jewish only colonists.
This hurdle of injustice by the Israeli Government has lit a fire in the international community.
One
of them is Axel Weissenfels, from Austria, a government that allows
their young people to opt out of military service and choose nonviolent
civil service in foreign countries instead.
Axel informed me, “I
have been in occupied east Jerusalem for nine months now and will
probably stay beyond my one year commitment. I am working for the
Society for Austrian Arab Relations in the Old City in the Art
Foundation, doing workshops with the children. We gave the children in
the neighborhood cameras and we will soon display an exhibit of their
work right here on this site. I have slept here the last three nights
on a mattress [on the hard rocky ground].
“America should know
how their tax dollars are being spent [$7-10 Million per day] which go
to continue the military occupation of Palestinians. The Palestinians
are simple and righteous people; they do the correct things and all
they want is to live in peace.
“If the USA would stop paying all
those millions to Israel the occupation would end and America would
have the money for health care and caring for their poor.”
Adnan
Husseini, Governor of east Jerusalem, while on his way out of the tent,
sent this message to America, “We hope that the U.S.A. will focus more
attention to the Israeli Palestinian conflict and help us have peace.
When Palestine receives justice the international community, Israel and
U.S.A. will also have peace. The American people are excellent people
and we wish the New Year will change this situation for the benefit of
everyone. All the best to America and good luck!”
We the people of America do not need luck; we need to wake up and understand that Israel is only a democracy if you are a Jew.
In
Israeli law, all of Jerusalem, including the eastern half of the city,
is considered to be the “indivisible” capital of the Jewish state and
has set up a block against Palestinian negotiators to make a deal on
the division of Jerusalem.
Settlers are claiming land all over
occupied East Jerusalem based on title deeds that pre-existed 1948,
when Israel became a state and began to ethnically cleanse the land of
Palestinians, destroyed 531 Palestinian villages and 750,000
Palestinians became refugees.
President George W. Bush became a
willing collaborator in this on going injustice in his infamous 2004
exchange of letters with Ariel Sharon. Bush affirmed that Israel would
not be expected to return to the armistice lines of 1949. Instead, Bush
declared that Israel would be able to hold on to its “population
centers” in the West Bank. This is the empire’s Orwellian spin to
attempt to justify the established settlement blocs; every one of them
are illegal under international law!
Among the failures of Annapolis is the incessant construction of colonies on the land of Palestinians.
Palestinians are denied building permits to build upon their legally owned land.
Ehud
Barak, Defense Minister and leader of the Labor Party, personally
approved hundreds of new apartments for the settlers within the last
few months.
“Michshol Hafrada” is Hebrew for "The Separation Wall" and that translates to Apartheid Wall in Afrikaan.
The
Apartheid Wall has divided Palestinians from Palestinians and has
stolen their aquifers, denies them access to their land, jobs, families
and holy sites and consumes over $1.25 Million USA Tax dollars every
day- a 2006 estimate!
Looking at a map of the so called Holy Land today it is clear to see that Palestine has been divided into enclaves; Bantustans!
Before I built a wall I’d ask to know
What I was walling in or walling out
And to whom I was likely to give offence.
Something there is that does not love a wall,
That wants it down.-Robert Frost
Over
a quarter of a million Jewish colonists live in East Jerusalem-and
according to international law-all the settlements are illegal as is
the Apartheid Wall.
Jewish only colonies have been implanted to
divide the indigenous Palestinian neighborhoods throughout occupied
territory. Over 100,000 indigenous Palestinians are trapped by the
Apartheid Wall and are tortured at over 600 checkpoints that deny them
access to their land, jobs, families and holy sites.
Evictions
and home demolitions have become the status quo in the so called Holy
Land, for since 1967, over 18,000 dwellings -averaging eleven people
per unit- have been bulldozed by Israeli forces because they interfere
with settlement expansion.
Israel attempts to justify their immoral actions with three distinct categories:
1.
Collective Punishment-homes of suspected terrorists-in reality that is
anyone who opposes the occupation- and the families of suicide/homicide
bombers. These punitive actions amount to 15% of the over 18,000 homes
destroyed since 1967.
2. Administrative demolitions for lack of
building permits- which Israel refuses to issue-account for 25%. In
occupied east Jerusalem one out of four Palestinian homes have a
demolition order.
3. “Security” reasons-the blanket response to all of Israel’s injustices and illegal actions.
I
made my first visit to the Al Kurd family tents on November 19, 2008
and met a few Italians who had come to entertain the oppressed and
nonviolent people of the neighborhood.
Alex and Francesco, are
two clowns from the street theater project called Charlatani Without
Borders. They had arrived in occupied territory two weeks prior to
offer some creative relief from the misery of military occupation. A
chain link fence surrounded the property and there were two tents at
that time.
When I returned on November 22nd, I learned that the
Israeli forces had bulldozed the chain link fence down and one of the
tents that that the nonviolent internationals had been staying in.
The
site is only a few hundred yards from the Al Khurd’s home in the Sheikh
Jarrah neighborhood and Israeli authorities attempt to justify their
actions by claiming the tents were erected without permission on state
land.
What will it take for the world to say ENOUGH!?!
Visitors since 07.22.05
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"HOPE has two children.The first is ANGER at the way things are. The second is COURAGE to DO SOMETHING about it."-St. Augustine
"He who is not angry when there is just cause for anger is immoral. Why? Because anger looks to the good of justice. And if you can live amid injustice without anger, you are immoral as well as unjust." - Aquinas
Everyone has the right to freedom of
opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions
without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and
ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
" In the final analysis, it is between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway."-Mother Teresa
“You cannot talk like sane men around a peace table while the atomic bomb itself is ticking beneath it. Do not treat the atomic bomb as a weapon of offense; do not treat it as an instrument of the police. Treat the bomb for what it is: the visible insanity of a civilization that has ceased...to obey the laws of life.”- Lewis Mumford, 1946
The age of warrior kings and of warrior presidents has passed. The nuclear age calls for a different kind of leadership....a leadership of intellect, judgment, tolerance and rationality, a leadership committed to human values, to world peace, and to the improvement of the human condition. The attributes upon which we must draw are the human attributes of compassion and common sense, of intellect and creative imagination, and of empathy and understanding between cultures." - William Fulbright
“Any nation that year after year continues to raise the Defense budget while cutting social programs to the neediest is a nation approaching spiritual death.” - Rev. MLK
Establishment of Israel
"On the day of the termination of the British mandate and on the strength of the United Nations General Assembly declare The State of Israel will be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel: it will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion it will guarantee freedom of religion [and] conscience and will be faithful to the Charter of the United Nations." - May 14, 1948. The Declaration of the Establishment of Israel
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